Experiment on Interference Characteristics During Aft Supersonic Ejection of a Missile
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摘要: 超/高超声速尾退分离在防热、保形、隐身、多次投放、回收等方面具有明显优势，有望成为高超声速飞行器载荷投放的优选方案。由此面临一类新的多体分离问题：超/高超声速尾退分离问题（aft super/hypersonic ejection separation，ASES）。超/高超声速尾退分离问题本质上是带空腔底部流动与多体分离构成的耦合问题，具有流场结构复杂、气动非定常非线性非对称效应显著的特点。针对超声速尾退分离问题，采用网格测力和轨迹捕获（captive trajectory system，CTS）风洞试验方法探索了尾退分离干扰流场的结构，发现可根据流场结构和舵效变化分为低速-亚声速无激波、高亚声速-跨声速弱激波、超声速激波和准自由流弱干扰4种典型干扰特征，揭示了尾流场影响后不同区域的全弹气动特性和舵效特性以及控制律、攻角、高度和Mach数对分离位移和姿态的影响规律。相关结论将有助于增强对尾退分离问题的认识，对尾退分离技术的工程实践具有参考价值。Abstract: Aft ejection of missile has the potential of becoming a feasible choice for carrier releases while traveling at a supersonic/hypersonic speed for its obvious advantages in heat protection, shape-preservation, stealth, repeated-release and recycling. Thus, it causes a new type of multi-body separation problem: aft supersonic/hypersonic ejection separation(ASES). The essence of ASES problem is the supersonic/hypersonic cavity-base flow coupled with multi-body separation, which has complex flow structures and notable unsteady nonlinear asymmetric aerodynamic effects. In order to explore the structure of interference flow field, the ASES was studied with grid and captive trajectory system(CTS) wind tunnel test methods. Four typical types of interference based on flow structure and variation of control effectiveness were obtained. They are low speed and subsonic flow field without shock, high subsonic and transonic flow field with weak shock, supersonic flow field with shock, and quasi-freestream with diminishing impact. The rule of aerodynamics and characteristics of control effectiveness within wake interference were revealed, as well as the influence of control law, angle of attack, altitude and Mach number on non-dimensional displacements and attitudes of separation. The insight into ASES will be enhanced and engineering practice will be boosted by the conclusions.
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图 10 尾退分离流场典型干扰特征
Figure 10. Typical interference characteristics of aft ejection separation
图 11 尾流干扰与自由流气动系数对比
Figure 11. Aerodynamic characteristic comparision between interference and freestream
图 12 尾流干扰与自由流舵效对比
Figure 12. Control effectiveness comparision betweeninterference and freestream
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