Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Acceleration and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Wind Tunnel
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摘要: 高超声速飞行器对于更高飞行速度的追求，给地面风洞设备模拟能力提出了新的要求，磁流体加速成为一个重要突破方向.文章介绍了国内外在磁流体加速基本原理以及磁流体加速技术应用于地面风洞试验方面的研究工作.基于磁流体（magneto-hydro-dynanic，MHD）加速的高超声速风洞设备可以模拟高超声速飞行器的试验条件，复现超高速的飞行环境，是突破超高速飞行器再入研究地面试验模拟能力的关键技术，在航空航天领域具有重要的研究意义和应用前景.Abstract: The development of hypersonic vehicles puts forward new requirements for simulation capabilities of ground wind tunnel facilities. Magneto-hydro-dynamic(MHD) acceleration has brought great interests as a means of enhancing gas speed and become an important breakthrough. This paper introduces the research work of MHD acceleration and its application to ground wind tunnel test. The MHD-accelerated hypersonic wind tunnel facility can simulate the test conditions of hypersonic vehicles and reproduce the ultra-high-speed flight environment. It is a key technology to develop the simulation capability for hypersonic ground test and shows great prospects and significance in aerospace industry.
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Key words:
- MHD acceleration /
- magneto-hydro-dynamics /
- MHD wind tunnel /
- Seed injection /
- Hypervelocity reentry
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图 3 俄罗斯TsAGI MHD加速风洞示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of MHD wind tunnel in TsAGI
1. arc-heater 2. mixing camber 3. metering device 4. primary supersonic nozzle 5. MHD-accelerator 6. secondary nozzle 7. test section
图 10 磁感应强度与加速率之间关系
Figure 10. Relationship between acceleration rate and magnetic induction intensity
表 1 MHD加速风洞及主要参数
Table 1. MHD wind tunnels and operation parameters
parameters Langley AEDC MSFC TsAGI heater heating approach arc-heater arc-heater arc-heater arc-heater working gas N2 N2 N2, air N2, air gas mass flowrate/(kg/s) 0.006 8 0.1 0.13 0.01~0.02 totol pressure P0/atm 3~6 10 ＜20 total temperature T0/K 4 000~6 000 4 000~4 500 3 500~4 000 power/kW 55 600 1500 200 seed 1%Cs 1%NaK 1%NaK 1%NaK MHD accelerator electrode pair 24 117 65 30~120 magnetic field intensity/T 1.15 2 2 1.5~5 power/kWe 200 1 000 2 000 2 000 length/cm 30 77 96 58 outlet size/cm2 2.54×2.54 2.5×2.5 3.6×3.6 2.5×1.15 outlet Ma 1.6 1.6 3.5 2.0 outlet velocity/(m/s) 6 000 3 900 3 550 6 500 secondary nozzle outlet size/cm2 6.8×6.0 40×40 outlet Ma 15 outlet Velocity/(m/s) 8 000 static temperature/K 500 staticpressure/Pa 20~50 operation time/s MHD off: 30
MHD on: 1~2
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