Dynamic Response Characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves in Non-Uniform Inflows
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摘要: 在斜爆轰推进系统中, 经过进气道压缩的气流速度仍然很大, 导致斜爆轰波前的气流难以达到均匀预混, 进而对斜爆轰波系产生影响。以高空飞行条件下非均匀来流中的斜爆轰波系为对象, 采用Euler方程结合氢气-空气基元反应模型, 通过波角变化和波面位置偏移研究了斜爆轰的受扰动特性。采用当量比作为非均匀的表征变量, 在斜爆轰波面上游引入了一个高度可变的扰动区, 定义φA为扰动幅值, 扰动区的当量比分布通过正弦函数进行模化。研究发现, 随着φA的减小, 波角减小, 波面向下游移动; 随着φA的增大, 波角增加, 波面向上游移动。当φA为负值且足够小时, 可以观察到波角突变的新现象, 分析表明此现象源于来流当量比非均匀作用下的重新起爆。当φA为正值且足够大时, 被扰动区的波角处于非平衡状态, 较大的当量比梯度会导致其高于理论值, 而较小的当量比梯度会导致其低于理论值。对波面位置的偏移量进行了量化分析, 发现波面位移随φA的变化仅在其为正值时是非线性的, 在其为负值时是线性的, 随扰动区高度的变化也是线性的。Abstract: In propulsion systems based on oblique detonation waves (ODWs), the airflow compressed by the inlet still has a very high velocity and the complete mixing of fuel and airflow is unattainable, which thus has a huge effect on wave systems of oblique detonations. In this paper, the ODWs in non-uniform inflows were considered as the object. By means of the evolutions of wave angles and displacement distances of wave front, the disturbance characteristics of ODWs were studied using the Euler equations coupled with the hydrogen-air detailed reaction model. The equivalence ratio was chosen as the representation variable of nonuniformity, and a disturbance region with a varying height was introduced into the incoming flow. The symbol φA was defined as the disturbance amplitude and the equivalence ratio distribution in the disturbance region was modeled using the sinusoidal function. It is found that with the decrease of φA, the wave angle decreases and the wave front moves downstream, the opposite trend is observed when the equivalence ratio increases. When φA is negative and small enough, a novel phenomenon characterized by the abrupt change of wave angle can be observed. Further analyses show that this phenomenon is due to ODW re-initiation under the influence of non-uniform equivalent ratio. When φA is posi-tive and large enough, the ODW angle of the disturbance region is in a non-equilibrium state. A larger equivalence ratio gradient results in a higher value than the theoretical wave front angle, while a smaller equivalent ratio gradient has a lower value than the theoretical one. Quantitative analyses of wave front positions show that the displacement distance of the wave front with φA is nonlinear when φA is positive, and linear when φA is negative. Meanwhile, the displacement distance is linear with the height of the disturbance region.
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Key words:
- oblique detonation /
- equivalence ratio /
- wave angle /
- displacement distance /
- nonlinear
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图 2 基础算例的斜爆轰波温度场和压力沿流线分布
Figure 2. Oblique detonation temperature fields and pressure profiles along streamlines of the basic case
图 3 不同扰动幅值下的斜爆轰波温度场
Figure 3. Temperature fields of oblique detonations with different disturbance amplitudes
图 4 不同扰动幅值下的斜爆轰波面角度
Figure 4. Wave angle evolutions of oblique detonations with different disturbance amplitudes
图 5 扰动区高度对斜爆轰波温度场影响
Figure 5. Effects of disturbance height on temperature fields of oblique detonation
图 6 扰动区高度对斜爆轰波角影响，φA=-0.5
Figure 6. Effects of disturbance height on wave angles of oblique detonation, φA=-0.5
图 7 扰动区高度对斜爆轰波角影响，φA=1.5
Figure 7. Effects of disturbance height on wave angles of oblique detonation, φA=1.5
图 8 波面位移绝对值随φA和H的变化
Figure 8. Absolute displacement distance of wave front as a function of φA and H
表 1 模拟研究采用的主要参数
Table 1. Key parameters employed in the simulations
T/K p/kPa U/(m/s) θ/(°) φ φA H/cm 814.4 196.3 2 418.9 19 0.5 2.0 2~8 
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表 2 波面位移的相对偏差(以H=2 cm算例为基准)
Table 2. Relative deviations of wave front displacement distance based on the case of H=2 cm
φA relative deviations H=4 cm H=6 cm H=8 cm 1.5 -4.85% -3.15% -4.17% 0.5 -1.92% -1.86% -1.91% -0.5 -1.70% 0.75% 1.12%
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