主管部门: 中国航天科技集团有限公司
主办单位: 中国航天空气动力技术研究院
中国宇航学会
中国宇航出版有限责任公司

薄膜自激拍打射流的流动特性实验

Experiment on the Flow Characteristics of Film Self-Excited Flapping Jet

  • 摘要: 在射流喷嘴出口处安装一端固定的柔性薄膜,在流速足够大时,射流和柔性膜相互诱导产生自激拍打作用,针对这一现象,提出了一种新型的自激拍打射流混合技术。在直径D=40 mm的渐缩喷嘴上固定长度L=(0.5~2)D和厚度δ=50 μm的氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物(fluorinated ethylene propylene,FEP)薄膜,使用压差计测量了光滑渐缩喷嘴以及薄膜拍打运动所引起的压力损失。通过激光片光源和高速相机进行薄膜运动状态的显示和拍打幅度的测定,探究了拍打幅度受薄膜长度和Re的影响及其变化规律,利用测得的拍打幅度(A)和频率(f)作为Strouhal数(St=fA/UoUo是射流的出口速度)的特征尺寸进行研究。在Re=3×104的条件下,使用热线风速仪测量了在不同薄膜长度下拍打射流轴向速度沿中心线的分布,并对湍流度、概率密度函数等特征进行分析。此外,经过数字迭代滤波后获得射流沿中心线的积分尺度、Taylor尺度和Kolmogorov尺度等统计量。实验结果显示,拍打射流的湍流度高于自由射流,意味着前者对周围流体具有更强的大尺度卷吸能力;但对不同薄膜长度的拍打射流而言,其湍流特性存在差异;在实验所用的薄膜长度范围内,1.25D膜长时射流混合效果最好。通过考察概率密度函数及其偏斜因子(Su)和平坦因子(Fu)发现,相较于自由射流,拍打射流速度更快地接近Gauss分布,这意味着拍打射流在增强大尺度卷吸的同时也促进了小尺度的掺混。

     

    Abstract: A flexible film fixed at one end is installed at the exit of the jet nozzle. Under the condition of sufficient flow rate, the jet and the flexible film are mutually induced to produce self-excited flapping. Aiming at this phenomenon, a new self-excited flapping jet mixing technology was proposed. By means of a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film with fixed length L=(0.5~2)D and thickness δ=50 μm on a tapering nozzle with diameter D=40 mm, the pressure loss caused by smooth tapering nozzle and film flapping was measured using a pressure differential meter. The film motion was displayed and the flapping amplitude (A) was determined with a laser light source and a high-speed camera. The influences of film length and Reynolds number (Re) on A were investigated, where the measured flapping amplitude (A) and frequency (f) were used as the characteristic scales of Strouhal number (St=fA/Uo, Uo is jet exit velocity). Under Re=3×104, the distribution of the axial velocity along the jet centerline was measured at different film lengths by using hot-wire anemometer, and then the turbulence intensity, probability density function and other quantities were calculated and analyzed. Moreover, digital iterative filtering was used to obtain the integral, Taylor and Kolmogorov scales along the jet centerline. These experimental results show that the turbulence intensity in the flapping jet is higher than that in the free jet, which means that the former has a stronger large-scale entrainment capacity to the surrounding fluid. However, the turbulent characteristics of the flapping jet are different at a variety of film lengths. Within the film length range in the present experiment, the film with length L=1.25D performs best in jet mixing. By investigating the probability density function and its skewness factor (Su) and flat factor (Fu), it is found that compared with the free jet, the velocity distribution in the flapping jet approaches the Gaussian distribution much quicker, which means that the flapping jet not only enhances the large-scale entrainment, but also promotes the small-scale mixing.

     

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